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1. • CommentRowNumber1.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeDec 1st 2019
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItexstarting something <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/revision/single+trace+operator/1">v1</a>, <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/single+trace+operator">current</a>

   starting something

   v1, current

2. • CommentRowNumber2.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeDec 1st 2019
   • (edited Dec 1st 2019)
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItexadded pointer to * [[Alexander Polyakov]], _Gauge Fields and Space-Time_, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A17S1 (2002) 119-136 ([arXiv:hep-th/0110196](https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0110196)) with this quote: > The picture which slowly arises from the above considerations is that of the space-time gradually disappearing in the regions of large curvature. The natural description in this case is provided by a gauge theory in which the basic objects are the texts formed from the gauge-invariant words. The theory provides us with the expectation values assigned to the various texts, words and sentences. > These expectation values can be calculated either from the gauge theory or from the strongly coupled 2d sigma model. The coupling in this model is proportional to the target space curvature. This target space can be interpreted as a usual continuous space-time only when the curvature is small. As we increase the coupling, this interpretation becomes more and more fuzzy and finally completely meaningless. <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/revision/diff/single+trace+operator/2">diff</a>, <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/revision/single+trace+operator/2">v2</a>, <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/single+trace+operator">current</a>

   added pointer to

   • Alexander Polyakov, Gauge Fields and Space-Time, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A17S1 (2002) 119-136 (arXiv:hep-th/0110196)

   with this quote:

   The picture which slowly arises from the above considerations is that of the space-time gradually disappearing in the regions of large curvature. The natural description in this case is provided by a gauge theory in which the basic objects are the texts formed from the gauge-invariant words. The theory provides us with the expectation values assigned to the various texts, words and sentences.

   These expectation values can be calculated either from the gauge theory or from the strongly coupled 2d sigma model. The coupling in this model is proportional to the target space curvature. This target space can be interpreted as a usual continuous space-time only when the curvature is small. As we increase the coupling, this interpretation becomes more and more fuzzy and finally completely meaningless.

   diff, v2, current

3. • CommentRowNumber3.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeDec 1st 2019
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItexadded this reference * [[David Berenstein]], [[Juan Maldacena]], [[Horatiu Nastase]], _Strings in flat space and pp waves from $\mathcal{N} = 4$ Super Yang Mills_, JHEP 0204 (2002) 013 ([arXiv:hep-th/0202021](https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0202021)) with this quote: > In summary, the "string of $Z$s" becomes the physical string and that each $Z$ carries one unit of $J$ which is one unit of $p_+$. Locality along the worldsheet of the string comes from the fact that planar diagrams allow only contractions of neighboring operators. So the Yang Mills theory gives a string bit model (see $[23]$) where each bit is a $Z$ operator. <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/revision/diff/single+trace+operator/2">diff</a>, <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/revision/single+trace+operator/2">v2</a>, <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/single+trace+operator">current</a>

   added this reference

   • David Berenstein, Juan Maldacena, Horatiu Nastase, Strings in flat space and pp waves from $\mathcal{N} = 4$ Super Yang Mills, JHEP 0204 (2002) 013 (arXiv:hep-th/0202021)

   with this quote:

   In summary, the “string of $Z$s” becomes the physical string and that each $Z$ carries one unit of $J$ which is one unit of $p_+$. Locality along the worldsheet of the string comes from the fact that planar diagrams allow only contractions of neighboring operators. So the Yang Mills theory gives a string bit model (see $[23]$) where each bit is a $Z$ operator.

   diff, v2, current

4. • CommentRowNumber4.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeDec 1st 2019
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItexadded pointer to * [[Steven Gubser]], [[Igor Klebanov]], [[Alexander Polyakov]], _A semi-classical limit of the gauge/string correspondence_, Nucl. Phys. B636 (2002) 99-114 ([arXiv:hep-th/0204051](https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0204051)) <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/revision/diff/single+trace+operator/4">diff</a>, <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/revision/single+trace+operator/4">v4</a>, <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/single+trace+operator">current</a>

   added pointer to

   • Steven Gubser, Igor Klebanov, Alexander Polyakov, A semi-classical limit of the gauge/string correspondence, Nucl. Phys. B636 (2002) 99-114 (arXiv:hep-th/0204051)

   diff, v4, current

5. • CommentRowNumber5.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeDec 1st 2019
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItexadded pointer to * {#MinahanZarembo02} J. A. Minahan, [[Konstantin Zarembo]], _The Bethe-Ansatz for $N=4$ Super Yang-Mills_, JHEP 0303 (2003) 013 ([arXiv:hep-th/0212208](https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0212208)) <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/revision/diff/single+trace+operator/4">diff</a>, <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/revision/single+trace+operator/4">v4</a>, <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/single+trace+operator">current</a>

   added pointer to

   • {#MinahanZarembo02} J. A. Minahan, Konstantin Zarembo, The Bethe-Ansatz for $N=4$ Super Yang-Mills, JHEP 0303 (2003) 013 (arXiv:hep-th/0212208)

   diff, v4, current

6. • CommentRowNumber6.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeDec 1st 2019
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItexadded pointer to * {#BeisertStaudacher03} Niklas Beisert, Matthias Staudacher, _The $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM Integrable Super Spin Chain_, Nucl. Phys. B670:439-463, 2003 ([arXiv:hep-th/0307042](https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0307042)) * {#BeisertFrolovStaudacherTseytlin03} [[Niklas Beisert]], [[Sergey Frolov]], [[Matthias Staudacher]], [[Arkady Tseytlin]] _Precision Spectroscopy of AdS/CFT_, JHEP 0310:037, 2003 ([arXiv:hep-th/0308117](https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0308117)) <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/revision/diff/single+trace+operator/4">diff</a>, <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/revision/single+trace+operator/4">v4</a>, <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/single+trace+operator">current</a>

   added pointer to

   • {#BeisertStaudacher03} Niklas Beisert, Matthias Staudacher, The $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM Integrable Super Spin Chain, Nucl. Phys. B670:439-463, 2003 (arXiv:hep-th/0307042)

   • {#BeisertFrolovStaudacherTseytlin03} Niklas Beisert, Sergey Frolov, Matthias Staudacher, Arkady Tseytlin Precision Spectroscopy of AdS/CFT, JHEP 0310:037, 2003 (arXiv:hep-th/0308117)

   diff, v4, current

7. • CommentRowNumber7.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeDec 1st 2019
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItexadded pointer to these * A. V. Belitsky, [[Volker Braun]], A. S. Gorsky, G. P. Korchemsky, _Integrability in QCD and beyond_, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A19:4715-4788, 2004 ([arXiv:hep-th/0407232](https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0407232)) * [[Niklas Beisert]], [[Luis Alday]], [[Radu Roiban]], [[Sakura Schafer-Nameki]], [[Matthias Staudacher]], [[Alessandro Torrielli]], [[Arkady Tseytlin]], et. al., _Review of AdS/CFT Integrability: An Overview_, Lett. Math. Phys. 99, 3 (2012) ([arXiv:1012.3982](https://arxiv.org/abs/1012.3982)) <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/revision/diff/single+trace+operator/4">diff</a>, <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/revision/single+trace+operator/4">v4</a>, <a href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/single+trace+operator">current</a>

   added pointer to these

   • A. V. Belitsky, Volker Braun, A. S. Gorsky, G. P. Korchemsky, Integrability in QCD and beyond, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A19:4715-4788, 2004 (arXiv:hep-th/0407232)

   • Niklas Beisert, Luis Alday, Radu Roiban, Sakura Schafer-Nameki, Matthias Staudacher, Alessandro Torrielli, Arkady Tseytlin, et. al., Review of AdS/CFT Integrability: An Overview, Lett. Math. Phys. 99, 3 (2012) (arXiv:1012.3982)

   diff, v4, current

8. • CommentRowNumber8.
   • CommentAuthorDavid_Corfield
   • CommentTimeDec 1st 2019
   • PermaLink
   Author: David_Corfield
   Format: MarkdownItexSounding almost mystical in #2.

   Sounding almost mystical in #2.

9. • CommentRowNumber9.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeDec 1st 2019
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItexBut the point is that the "meaningless" in the last snetence in #2 only refers to the naive spacetime interpretation, while the upshot is that the remaining fuzzy geometry is precisely captured by the dual gauge theory!

   But the point is that the “meaningless” in the last snetence in #2 only refers to the naive spacetime interpretation, while the upshot is that the remaining fuzzy geometry is precisely captured by the dual gauge theory!

10. • CommentRowNumber10.
    • CommentAuthorDavid_Corfield
    • CommentTimeDec 1st 2019
    • PermaLink
    Author: David_Corfield
    Format: MarkdownItexIt was more the first paragraph. The universe built up from "texts, words and sentences".

    It was more the first paragraph. The universe built up from “texts, words and sentences”.