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1. • CommentRowNumber1.
   • CommentAuthorTobyBartels
   • CommentTimeOct 4th 2009
   • PermaLink
   Author: TobyBartels
   Format: MarkdownAdded some formulas and a manifestly relativistic version to [[action functional]]. I have also been reverting JA's changes to variant conventions of spelling and grammar.

   Added some formulas and a manifestly relativistic version to action functional.

   I have also been reverting JA's changes to variant conventions of spelling and grammar.

2. • CommentRowNumber2.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeMay 13th 2010
   • (edited May 13th 2010)
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItexedited the Idea-section of [[action functional]] and [[Euler-Lagrange equations]]

   edited the Idea-section of action functional and Euler-Lagrange equations

3. • CommentRowNumber3.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeMar 4th 2011
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItexat [[action functional]] I tried to spell out in more detail ([[jet space]]) the definition of local action functionals. Zoran, there is a bit by you with examples of local action functionals that maybe needs a new introductory sentence. I am not sure if I killed that or what happened. Sorry. Please have a look, I guess you can just add one sentence before the numbered item list.

   at action functional I tried to spell out in more detail (jet space) the definition of local action functionals.

   Zoran, there is a bit by you with examples of local action functionals that maybe needs a new introductory sentence. I am not sure if I killed that or what happened. Sorry. Please have a look, I guess you can just add one sentence before the numbered item list.

4. • CommentRowNumber4.
   • CommentAuthorzskoda
   • CommentTimeMar 4th 2011
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   Author: zskoda
   Format: MarkdownItexUrs, thank you for being careful, but I really do not recall what I was saying there. Probably nothing important. If it is it will reemerge somewhere :)

   Urs, thank you for being careful, but I really do not recall what I was saying there. Probably nothing important. If it is it will reemerge somewhere :)

5. • CommentRowNumber5.
   • CommentAuthorzskoda
   • CommentTimeMar 4th 2011
   • (edited Mar 4th 2011)
   • PermaLink
   Author: zskoda
   Format: MarkdownItexJust for the record, these are very famous related references on geometry of action functionals and related BV geometry * Claude Viterbo, _Symplectic topology as the geometry of generating functions_, Math. Ann. __292__ (1992), no. 4, 685–710, [MR93b:58058](http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=1157321), [doi](http://www.ams.org/leavingmsn?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01444643) * [[Albert Schwarz]], _Geometry of [[Batalin-Vilkovisky quantization]]_,, Commun. Math. Phys. __155__, 249 (1993), [euclid](http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1104253279) * Albert Schwarz, _[[semiclassical approximation|Semiclassical approximation]] in Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism_, Comm. Math. Phys. __158__ (1993), no. 2, 373--396, [euclid](http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1104254246)

   Just for the record, these are very famous related references on geometry of action functionals and related BV geometry

   • Claude Viterbo, Symplectic topology as the geometry of generating functions, Math. Ann. 292 (1992), no. 4, 685–710, MR93b:58058, doi

   • Albert Schwarz, Geometry of Batalin-Vilkovisky quantization,, Commun. Math. Phys. 155, 249 (1993), euclid

   • Albert Schwarz, Semiclassical approximation in Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism, Comm. Math. Phys. 158 (1993), no. 2, 373–396, euclid

6. • CommentRowNumber6.
   • CommentAuthorHarry Gindi
   • CommentTimeMar 4th 2011
   • (edited Mar 4th 2011)
   • PermaLink
   Author: Harry Gindi
   Format: MarkdownItexThe $\infty$-categorical stuff seems a bit.. out of place, to say the least. Also, shouldn't a _line object_ be the same thing as a ring, or local ring object?

   The $\infty$-categorical stuff seems a bit.. out of place, to say the least.

   Also, shouldn’t a line object be the same thing as a ring, or local ring object?

7. • CommentRowNumber7.
   • CommentAuthorDavidRoberts
   • CommentTimeMar 5th 2011
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   Author: DavidRoberts
   Format: MarkdownItexI presume that the line object belongs to an abelian Lawvere theory, so that it has an underlying abelian group, and hence an action of $\mathbb{Z}$. And once your Lawvere theory contains monoids (i.e. contains an monoid operation), then the line object is, up to assuming the distributive law, a unital (non-commutative) ring. But I am curious as to where one would need to use the _local_ ring part. Perhaps when dealing with homotopy kernels?

   I presume that the line object belongs to an abelian Lawvere theory, so that it has an underlying abelian group, and hence an action of $\mathbb{Z}$. And once your Lawvere theory contains monoids (i.e. contains an monoid operation), then the line object is, up to assuming the distributive law, a unital (non-commutative) ring. But I am curious as to where one would need to use the local ring part. Perhaps when dealing with homotopy kernels?

8. • CommentRowNumber8.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeMar 7th 2011
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItex> Also, shouldn't a line object be the same thing as a ring, or local ring object? Yes, _[[line object]]_ in the sense described at that link. I made it "additive line object" in order to clarify. (The whole entry is a stub. I am hoping to eventually bring it into shape.)

   Also, shouldn’t a line object be the same thing as a ring, or local ring object?

   Yes, line object in the sense described at that link. I made it “additive line object” in order to clarify.

   (The whole entry is a stub. I am hoping to eventually bring it into shape.)

9. • CommentRowNumber9.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeMar 7th 2011
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItex> (The whole entry is a stub. I am hoping to eventually bring it into shape.) I am a bit stuck right this moment, because I am not sure yet how to formulate the notion "critical locus" fully abstractly in a suitable oo-topos.

   (The whole entry is a stub. I am hoping to eventually bring it into shape.)

   I am a bit stuck right this moment, because I am not sure yet how to formulate the notion “critical locus” fully abstractly in a suitable oo-topos.

10. • CommentRowNumber10.
    • CommentAuthorHarry Gindi
    • CommentTimeMar 7th 2011
    • PermaLink
    Author: Harry Gindi
    Format: MarkdownItex@Urs: In general, critical loci should be formulated in the same way as closed subschemes (this is how it's done on algebraic geometry at least).

    @Urs: In general, critical loci should be formulated in the same way as closed subschemes (this is how it’s done on algebraic geometry at least).

11. • CommentRowNumber11.
    • CommentAuthorUrs
    • CommentTimeMar 7th 2011
    • PermaLink
    Author: Urs
    Format: MarkdownItex> In general, critical loci should be formulated in the same way as closed subschemes (this is how it's done on algebraic geometry at least). I guess you are thinking something like the following: for $X$ a scheme or something and $f : X \to \mathbb{A}^1$ a function, pass to the 1-form $d f$, regard it as a section $d f : X \to T^* X$ and then take the fiber of that morphism, i.e. the pullback along the 0-section $0 : X \to T^* X$. This is clear enough. What I am thinking about is a good general abstract way to say this in an $\infty$-topos with a minimum of structural assumptions. In a cohesive $\infty$-topos there is a general abstract way to take the differential of a function. But my first guess as to how produce the critical locus of the function by a homotopy fiber of that morphism was not quite right, though, and I haven't made up my mind yet as to what the right way to go about it is.

    In general, critical loci should be formulated in the same way as closed subschemes (this is how it’s done on algebraic geometry at least).

    I guess you are thinking something like the following:

    for $X$ a scheme or something and $f : X \to \mathbb{A}^1$ a function, pass to the 1-form $d f$, regard it as a section $d f : X \to T^* X$ and then take the fiber of that morphism, i.e. the pullback along the 0-section $0 : X \to T^* X$.

    This is clear enough. What I am thinking about is a good general abstract way to say this in an $\infty$-topos with a minimum of structural assumptions.

    In a cohesive $\infty$-topos there is a general abstract way to take the differential of a function. But my first guess as to how produce the critical locus of the function by a homotopy fiber of that morphism was not quite right, though, and I haven’t made up my mind yet as to what the right way to go about it is.

12. • CommentRowNumber12.
    • CommentAuthorTobias Fritz
    • CommentTimeNov 28th 2012
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    Author: Tobias Fritz
    Format: TextI added a query box to the "action functional" entry. I might be missing something, but to me the definition of "local action functional" given on that page seems rather restrictive. BTW, am I supposed to announce all changes like this here on the nForum?

    I added a query box to the "action functional" entry. I might be missing something, but to me the definition of "local action functional" given on that page seems rather restrictive.
    
    BTW, am I supposed to announce all changes like this here on the nForum?
13. • CommentRowNumber13.
    • CommentAuthorUrs
    • CommentTimeNov 28th 2012
    • (edited Nov 28th 2012)
    • PermaLink
    Author: Urs
    Format: MarkdownItexHi Tobias, I think what the entry has is the standard definition of what standard literature means by "local action functional" (unless I am overlooking something), but it's true that it doesn't capture topological aspects of gauge theories, not to speak of higher gauge theories. Much of standard physics literature ignores all this, by default. I have a few ideas of how to formulate things more intrinsically in a (higher) gauge theoretic context, some of which is in published articles. But this is not yet indicated in this entry here. If you are interested, I'd be happy to discuss this further. > am I supposed to announce all changes like this here on the nForum? That's the optimal way to go at least, as it gives everyone potentially interested here a chance to become aware of the changes and to react to them. That's how a community process can start that might eventually lead to something good. We also stopped, by and large, dropping query boxes in entries, for that kind of reason: discussion in query boxes is hard to follow by bystanders and even by those involved. Usually this forum here is the place where to discuss, and once stable (or semi-stable ) insights have been obtained that deserve to be archived in the $n$Lab one can move them there.

    Hi Tobias,

    I think what the entry has is the standard definition of what standard literature means by “local action functional” (unless I am overlooking something), but it’s true that it doesn’t capture topological aspects of gauge theories, not to speak of higher gauge theories. Much of standard physics literature ignores all this, by default.

    I have a few ideas of how to formulate things more intrinsically in a (higher) gauge theoretic context, some of which is in published articles. But this is not yet indicated in this entry here. If you are interested, I’d be happy to discuss this further.

    am I supposed to announce all changes like this here on the nForum?

    That’s the optimal way to go at least, as it gives everyone potentially interested here a chance to become aware of the changes and to react to them. That’s how a community process can start that might eventually lead to something good.

    We also stopped, by and large, dropping query boxes in entries, for that kind of reason: discussion in query boxes is hard to follow by bystanders and even by those involved. Usually this forum here is the place where to discuss, and once stable (or semi-stable ) insights have been obtained that deserve to be archived in the $n$Lab one can move them there.

14. • CommentRowNumber14.
    • CommentAuthorUrs
    • CommentTimeNov 28th 2012
    • (edited Nov 28th 2012)
    • PermaLink
    Author: Urs
    Format: MarkdownItexI have to run now, but one remark maybe to be discussed later: also local connections on a fixed bundle can be written as sections of a bundle. But maybe that's not what you mean.

    I have to run now, but one remark maybe to be discussed later: also local connections on a fixed bundle can be written as sections of a bundle. But maybe that’s not what you mean.

15. • CommentRowNumber15.
    • CommentAuthorTobias Fritz
    • CommentTimeNov 28th 2012
    • PermaLink
    Author: Tobias Fritz
    Format: Text@Urs: thanks, but that's clear. I was thinking of situations where also the bundle varies. Let's say in Dijkgraaf-Witten theory, which I'm studying at the moment, where the field configurations are the gauge equivalence classes of principal bundles. I don't see how *these* can be written as sections of a fixed bundle. Ah, wait, maybe they can be written as sections of a gerbe?

    @Urs: thanks, but that's clear.
    
    I was thinking of situations where also the bundle varies. Let's say in Dijkgraaf-Witten theory, which I'm studying at the moment, where the field configurations are the gauge equivalence classes of principal bundles. I don't see how *these* can be written as sections of a fixed bundle. Ah, wait, maybe they can be written as sections of a gerbe?
16. • CommentRowNumber16.
    • CommentAuthorUrs
    • CommentTimeNov 28th 2012
    • (edited Nov 28th 2012)
    • PermaLink
    Author: Urs
    Format: MarkdownItexYes, in a higher gauge theoretic context DW theory is actually even a [[sigma-model]], meaning that this bundle is trivial. But its fibers are higher homotopy types: a field configuration in G gauge theory on $\Sigma$ is a map $\Sigma \to \mathbf{B}G_{conn}$.

    Yes, in a higher gauge theoretic context DW theory is actually even a sigma-model, meaning that this bundle is trivial. But its fibers are higher homotopy types:

    a field configuration in G gauge theory on $\Sigma$ is a map $\Sigma \to \mathbf{B}G_{conn}$.

17. • CommentRowNumber17.
    • CommentAuthorUrs
    • CommentTimeNov 28th 2012
    • (edited Nov 28th 2012)
    • PermaLink
    Author: Urs
    Format: MarkdownItexSorry, my bus arrived this very second. Here $G$ is the gauge group and $\mathbf{B}G_{conn}$ is the moduli stack of $G$-principal connections. This is explained for instance at _[[connection on a bundle]]_ a bit. For more see at _[[geometry of physics]]_. For general $G$ this is configurations of Chern-Simons theory, Yang-Mills theory, etc. If $G$ is discrete as for DW theory, then $\mathbf{B}G_{conn} \simeq \mathbf{B}G$ collapses to the moduli stack for $G$-principal bundles. A field configuration of DW theory is a map $\Sigma \to \mathbf{B}G$, which is aequivalently a $G$-principal bundle over $\Sigma$. The extended action functional of CS-theory/DW theory then is, by the way, just the refinement to to differential cohomology of the Pontrygin class / second Chern class $$ \mathbf{L} \colon \mathbf{B}G_{conn} \to \mathbf{B}^3 U(1)_{conn} $$ (or mutliples of that, that's the "level" of the theory). _This_ is the local Lagrangian of CS/DW theory in full gauge theoretic beauty. The action evaluated on a field configuration is then the transgression $$ \exp(i \int_\Sigma [\Sigma, \mathbf{L}] ) \;\;\colon\;\; [\Sigma , \mathbf{B}G_{conn}] \stackrel{[\Sigma, \mathbf{L}]}{\to} [\Sigma, \mathbf{B}^3 U(1)_{conn}] \stackrel{\exp(i \int_{\Sigma} (-))}{\to} U(1) \,. $$ We disucss this a bit in our last article _[[schreiber:Extended higher cup-product Chern-Simons theories]]_.

    Sorry, my bus arrived this very second. Here $G$ is the gauge group and $\mathbf{B}G_{conn}$ is the moduli stack of $G$-principal connections. This is explained for instance at connection on a bundle a bit. For more see at geometry of physics.

    For general $G$ this is configurations of Chern-Simons theory, Yang-Mills theory, etc. If $G$ is discrete as for DW theory, then $\mathbf{B}G_{conn} \simeq \mathbf{B}G$ collapses to the moduli stack for $G$-principal bundles. A field configuration of DW theory is a map $\Sigma \to \mathbf{B}G$, which is aequivalently a $G$-principal bundle over $\Sigma$.

    The extended action functional of CS-theory/DW theory then is, by the way, just the refinement to to differential cohomology of the Pontrygin class / second Chern class

    $$\mathbf{L} \colon \mathbf{B}G_{conn} \to \mathbf{B}^3 U(1)_{conn}$$

    (or mutliples of that, that’s the “level” of the theory).

    This is the local Lagrangian of CS/DW theory in full gauge theoretic beauty.

    The action evaluated on a field configuration is then the transgression

    $$\exp(i \int_\Sigma [\Sigma, \mathbf{L}] ) \;\;\colon\;\; [\Sigma , \mathbf{B}G_{conn}] \stackrel{[\Sigma, \mathbf{L}]}{\to} [\Sigma, \mathbf{B}^3 U(1)_{conn}] \stackrel{\exp(i \int_{\Sigma} (-))}{\to} U(1) \,.$$

    We disucss this a bit in our last article Extended higher cup-product Chern-Simons theories (schreiber).

18. • CommentRowNumber18.
    • CommentAuthorTobias Fritz
    • CommentTimeNov 28th 2012
    • (edited Nov 28th 2012)
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    Author: Tobias Fritz
    Format: MarkdownItexCool! I think I get the rough idea: a principal bundle (with connection) is a morphism $\Sigma\to \mathbf{B}G_{\mathrm{conn}}$, so that the collection of all these is the space of field configurations. But such a morphism can also just be regarded as a section of the trivial bundle with fiber $\mathbf{B}G_{\mathrm{conn}}$. I was about to edit the action functional page, but now I see you're working on it ;) By the way, the nLab is an incredible valuable resource to study higher category theory!

    Cool! I think I get the rough idea: a principal bundle (with connection) is a morphism $\Sigma\to \mathbf{B}G_{\mathrm{conn}}$, so that the collection of all these is the space of field configurations. But such a morphism can also just be regarded as a section of the trivial bundle with fiber $\mathbf{B}G_{\mathrm{conn}}$.

    I was about to edit the action functional page, but now I see you’re working on it ;) By the way, the nLab is an incredible valuable resource to study higher category theory!

19. • CommentRowNumber19.
    • CommentAuthorUrs
    • CommentTimeNov 28th 2012
    • (edited Nov 28th 2012)
    • PermaLink
    Author: Urs
    Format: MarkdownItexYes, exactly! (By the way, to turn on math here choose below the edit box the radio button labeled "markdown+itex"). Yes, I am editing right now, putting in some of the remarks that I just made. I need just five more minutes or something. Eventually all this will be exposed in some detail at _[[geometry of physics]]_.

    Yes, exactly!

    (By the way, to turn on math here choose below the edit box the radio button labeled “markdown+itex”).

    Yes, I am editing right now, putting in some of the remarks that I just made. I need just five more minutes or something. Eventually all this will be exposed in some detail at geometry of physics.

20. • CommentRowNumber20.
    • CommentAuthorUrs
    • CommentTimeNov 28th 2012
    • PermaLink
    Author: Urs
    Format: MarkdownItexOkay, I have now expanded a bit at _[[action functional]]_ in a new section _[Extended local action functionals in (higher) gauge theory](http://www.ncatlab.org/nlab/show/action+functional#ExtendedLocalInGaugeTheory)_. I'd think this goes in the direction of replying to your query box, so I have taken the liberty and removed it. But let's further discuss matters here. I can expand on various aspects, if you ask me to.

    Okay, I have now expanded a bit at action functional in a new section Extended local action functionals in (higher) gauge theory.

    I’d think this goes in the direction of replying to your query box, so I have taken the liberty and removed it. But let’s further discuss matters here. I can expand on various aspects, if you ask me to.

21. • CommentRowNumber21.
    • CommentAuthorTobias Fritz
    • CommentTimeNov 28th 2012
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    Author: Tobias Fritz
    Format: MarkdownItexThanks! I'm happy with this for the moment and will go back to studying DW-theory. I guess I'll see you and/or some other knowledgeable people in Nijmegen next week. Looking forward!

    Thanks! I’m happy with this for the moment and will go back to studying DW-theory.

    I guess I’ll see you and/or some other knowledgeable people in Nijmegen next week. Looking forward!

22. • CommentRowNumber22.
    • CommentAuthorUrs
    • CommentTimeNov 28th 2012
    • PermaLink
    Author: Urs
    Format: MarkdownItexAh, you'll be here next week. Great, let's talk then.

    Ah, you’ll be here next week. Great, let’s talk then.