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have expanded the Idea-section at L-function in an attempt to transport some actual idea. The main addition are these paragraphs:
The most canonically defined class of examples of L-functions are the Artin L-functions defined for any Galois representation σ:Gal⟶GLn(ℂ) as the Euler products of, essentially, characteristic polynomials of all the Frobenius homomorphisms acting via σ.
Most other kinds of L-functions are such as to reproduces these Artin L-functions from more “arithmetic” data:
for 1-dimensional Galois representations σ (hence for n=1) Artin reciprocity produces for each σ a Dirichlet character, or more generally a Hecke character χ, and therefrom is built a Dirichlet L-function or Hecke L-function Lχ, respectively, which equals the corresponding Artin L-function Lσ;
for general n-dimensional Galois representations σ the conjecture of Langlands correspondence states that there is an automorphic representation π corresponding to σ and an automorphic L-function Lπ built from that, which equalso the Artin L-function Lσ.
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