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    • CommentRowNumber1.
    • CommentAuthorDavid_Corfield
    • CommentTimeApr 9th 2017

    Sunday morning thought: I was taking a look at the lectures by Charles Peirce of that name. He gives one of those triads he loves so much on different kinds of reasoning: deductive, inductive, and abductive (or retroductive), as filling in different parts of a syllogism. So there are logical relations between 3 concepts, M, P and S.

    Deduction strings together, say, M is P and P is S to give M is S.

    Induction looks to generalise from M is S, taking M as a sample of P, to conclude that P is S.

    Abduction looks to explain why M is S, having noted that P is S, by hypothesising that M is P.

    Seen from the point of view of category theory, this would seem rather like: composition, extension, lifting.

    Induction as a kind of extension seems quite reasonable. And I guess one can ’explain’ a phenomenon, such as a shadow, occurring in a base space by lifting to the total space.

    • CommentRowNumber2.
    • CommentAuthorTobyBartels
    • CommentTimeApr 9th 2017

    This would be a good insight to put at abductive reasoning.

    • CommentRowNumber3.
    • CommentAuthorMatt Earnshaw
    • CommentTimeApr 9th 2017

    See also Abduction: A Categorical Characterization, which develops a model for abduction as a functor between categories of structures, and then a topos of “abduction procedures”. I will add this reference to abductive reasoning. Is their framework itself a “lifting” of the syllogistic schema here? :-)

    • CommentRowNumber4.
    • CommentAuthorDavid_Corfield
    • CommentTimeApr 10th 2017

    Thanks, Matt. That paper looks quite involved, but it has pointed me to

    • Gerhard Schurz, 2008, Patterns of abduction, Synthese 164:201–234,

    which I’ve added. Let’s see, first example:

    Known Law: If Cx, then Ex

    Known Evidence: Ea has occurred

    Abduced Conjecture: Ca could be the reason.

    So perhaps we could see this as lifting a map from the unit type to some type of effects through some law relating cause to effect.

    • CommentRowNumber5.
    • CommentAuthorDavid_Corfield
    • CommentTimeSep 29th 2017

    Hypothetico-deductivism: given converging arrows, look for a lift to complete triangle. Test lift by postcomposing with new arrow.

    Extending Peirce’s example:

    Abductive lift: All of these beans are white, all beans in that bag are white. Perhaps all these beans come from that bag.

    Deductive postcomposition: But we know that all beans in that bag are large, so test whether all of these beans are large.