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tried to fix the wording in the Idea-section; added cross-link with quantum spin Hall effect
added pointer to the original prediction of the electronic band structure of graphene:
and pointer to this modern review:
Also adjusted and moved the sentence on the discovery winning a Nobel Prize and not being patented.
added this sentence to the Idea-section:
Graphene is a prime example (and among the first to be discovered) of a topological phase of matter, specifically of a topological semi-metal (if its tiny spin-orbit coupling is ignored or remains unresolved, hence for all practical purposes) or a topological insulator (theoretically, due to the tiny spin-orbit coupling that does open the gap in the electronic band structure at the would-be nodal point).
added pointer to
for the actual prediction of the spin-orbit coupling in graphene
added pointer to today’s:
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