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1. • CommentRowNumber1.
   • CommentAuthorTodd_Trimble
   • CommentTimeFeb 3rd 2012
   • PermaLink
   Author: Todd_Trimble
   Format: MarkdownItexSplit off [[p-adic integer]] from [[p-adic number]].

   Split off p-adic integer from p-adic number.

2. • CommentRowNumber2.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeFeb 3rd 2012
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItexThanks!

   Thanks!

3. • CommentRowNumber3.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeJul 23rd 2014
   • (edited Jul 23rd 2014)
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItexTo the section _[As formal neighbourhood of a prime](http://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/p-adic+integer#AsFormalNeighbourhoodOfPrime)_ (which I had started earlier) I have * added a pointer to [Buium 13](http://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/p-adic+integer#Buium13), where this perspective turns out to be highlighted; * included the _[[infinitesimal and local - table]]_, into which in turn I have added a row mentioning the $p$-adic integers. Now, the natural thing to do would be to proceed as in synthetic differential geometry and define [[arithmetic jet spaces]] as (certain subspaces of) mapping spaces out of $Spec(\mathbb{Z}_p)$. It seems that what Buium does is at least roughly like this (according to theorem 2.1 1) in the above). I am wondering why it's not exactly like this, or if it secretly is.

   To the section As formal neighbourhood of a prime (which I had started earlier) I have

   • added a pointer to Buium 13, where this perspective turns out to be highlighted;

   • included the infinitesimal and local - table, into which in turn I have added a row mentioning the $p$-adic integers.

   Now, the natural thing to do would be to proceed as in synthetic differential geometry and define arithmetic jet spaces as (certain subspaces of) mapping spaces out of $Spec(\mathbb{Z}_p)$.

   It seems that what Buium does is at least roughly like this (according to theorem 2.1 1) in the above). I am wondering why it’s not exactly like this, or if it secretly is.

4. • CommentRowNumber4.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeJul 23rd 2014
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItex> or if it secretly is. [Yes it is!](http://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/arithmetic+jet+space#Definition) ([Borger 10 (12.8.2)](http://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/arithmetic+jet+space#Borger10))

   or if it secretly is.

   Yes it is! (Borger 10 (12.8.2))

5. • CommentRowNumber5.
   • CommentAuthorDavid_Corfield
   • CommentTimeJul 23rd 2014
   • PermaLink
   Author: David_Corfield
   Format: MarkdownItexI hadn't realised Joyal had worked on anything like this: >the work of Joyal [49] and Borger [4, 5] on the Witt functor; the Witt functor is a right adjoint to the forgetful functor from “δ-rings” to rings as opposed to the arithmetic jet functor which is a left adjoint to the same forgetful functor. As it is usually the case the left and right stories turn out to be rather different. ([Differential calculus with integers](http://www.math.unm.edu/~buium/statupdated.pdf), p. 17, slight different version from one on Arxiv). Interesting contrast on same page >...the work of Soul´e, Deitmar, Connes, Berkovich, and many others on the “geometry over the field F1 with one element”. In their work passing from the geometry over Z to the geometry over F1 amounts to removing part of the structure defining commutative rings, e.g. removing addition and hence considering multiplicative monoids instead of rings. On the contrary our theory can be seen as a tentative approach to F1 (cf. the Introduction to [16]) that passes from Z to F1 by adding structure to the commutative rings, specifically adding the operator(s) δp. This point of view was independently proposed (in a much more systematic form) by Borger [6]. Borger’s philosophy is global in the sense that it involves all the primes (instead of just one prime as in our work) and it also proposes to see “positivity” as the corresponding story at the “infinite” prime; making our theory fit into Borger’s larger picture is an intriguing challenge. Presumably that last comment is about Borger's [Witt vectors, semirings, and total positivity](http://arxiv.org/abs/1310.3013) >...because of this adelic flavor, it is natural to ask whether the infinite prime plays a role. The answer is yes, and the purpose of this chapter is to explore how it does, at least as related to positivity, which we will regard as p-adic integrality for the infinite prime.

   I hadn’t realised Joyal had worked on anything like this:

   the work of Joyal [49] and Borger [4, 5] on the Witt functor; the Witt functor is a right adjoint to the forgetful functor from “δ-rings” to rings as opposed to the arithmetic jet functor which is a left adjoint to the same forgetful functor. As it is usually the case the left and right stories turn out to be rather different. (Differential calculus with integers, p. 17, slight different version from one on Arxiv).

   Interesting contrast on same page

   …the work of Soul´e, Deitmar, Connes, Berkovich, and many others on the “geometry over the field F1 with one element”. In their work passing from the geometry over Z to the geometry over F1 amounts to removing part of the structure defining commutative rings, e.g. removing addition and hence considering multiplicative monoids instead of rings. On the contrary our theory can be seen as a tentative approach to F1 (cf. the Introduction to [16]) that passes from Z to F1 by adding structure to the commutative rings, specifically adding the operator(s) δp. This point of view was independently proposed (in a much more systematic form) by Borger [6]. Borger’s philosophy is global in the sense that it involves all the primes (instead of just one prime as in our work) and it also proposes to see “positivity” as the corresponding story at the “infinite” prime; making our theory fit into Borger’s larger picture is an intriguing challenge.

   Presumably that last comment is about Borger’s Witt vectors, semirings, and total positivity

   …because of this adelic flavor, it is natural to ask whether the infinite prime plays a role. The answer is yes, and the purpose of this chapter is to explore how it does, at least as related to positivity, which we will regard as p-adic integrality for the infinite prime.

6. • CommentRowNumber6.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeJul 23rd 2014
   • (edited Jul 23rd 2014)
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItexThanks. Yes, as Borger nicely highlights sort of in between the lines of his introductions, his proposal for $\mathbb{F}_1$ stands out from the others in that it produces a rich realm of mathematics, instead just reformulating simple statements about finite sets in terms of $\mathbb{F}_1$-newspeak. Also, it seems striking to me that his theory is all about abstracting the structure of Frobenius endomorphisms. That certainly sounds promising for a global picture of geometry that is to stand a chance to provide a unified perspective on zeta functions. But I am still not sure if I understand why the exact definition Borger gives is "the right" one. I am all sympathetic to it, but I need to better understand what it achieves. For instance why is the direct image $Et(Spec(\mathbb{Z})) \to Et(Spec(\mathbb{F}_1))$ given by just $(W_n)_\ast$ and not $(W_n)_\ast ( Spec(\mathbb{A}_{\mathbb{Z}})\underset{Spec(\mathbb{Z})}{\times} (-)) = J^n(-)$. The latter would fit better into my world-view.

   Thanks. Yes, as Borger nicely highlights sort of in between the lines of his introductions, his proposal for $\mathbb{F}_1$ stands out from the others in that it produces a rich realm of mathematics, instead just reformulating simple statements about finite sets in terms of $\mathbb{F}_1$-newspeak.

   Also, it seems striking to me that his theory is all about abstracting the structure of Frobenius endomorphisms. That certainly sounds promising for a global picture of geometry that is to stand a chance to provide a unified perspective on zeta functions.

   But I am still not sure if I understand why the exact definition Borger gives is “the right” one. I am all sympathetic to it, but I need to better understand what it achieves.

   For instance why is the direct image $Et(Spec(\mathbb{Z})) \to Et(Spec(\mathbb{F}_1))$ given by just $(W_n)_\ast$ and not $(W_n)_\ast ( Spec(\mathbb{A}_{\mathbb{Z}})\underset{Spec(\mathbb{Z})}{\times} (-)) = J^n(-)$. The latter would fit better into my world-view.

7. • CommentRowNumber7.
   • CommentAuthorUrs
   • CommentTimeJul 14th 2016
   • (edited Jul 14th 2016)
   • PermaLink
   Author: Urs
   Format: MarkdownItexI have added to _[[p-adic integers]]_ the short exact sequence $$ 0 \to \mathbb{Z}_{(p)} \overset{p \cdot (-)}{\longrightarrow} \mathbb{Z}_{(p)} \longrightarrow \mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z} \to 0 \,. $$ ([here](https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/p-adic+integer#pAdicIntegersAspExtensionofFpByThemselves))

   I have added to p-adic integers the short exact sequence

   $$0 \to \mathbb{Z}_{(p)} \overset{p \cdot (-)}{\longrightarrow} \mathbb{Z}_{(p)} \longrightarrow \mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z} \to 0 \,.$$

   (here)